Exprimer sa gratitude (que, qui, ce que, ce qui).
Think you’ve got it? Test yourself on French relative pronouns with these fill-in-the-blanks exercises:
#Qui quiri qui li haga plus
*** Also, it’s rarely just a verb on its own – it’s often a noun or pronoun plus a verb, so already the "any other part of speech" part of the rule falls flat. ** Why vue instead of vu? It’s direct object agreement. * Unlike when they are interrogative pronouns, in which case qui means "who" and que means "what." (If you changed it to qui, the meaning would change to "the apartment that bought my parents.) It’s still que, regardless of what comes after it, because it’s still a direct object. The fact that we’ve inverted the subject and verb does not change the grammatical function of the relative pronoun. Par exemple… l’appartement que mes parents ont acheté Some teachers will tell you that the difference is much simpler: " Qui is always followed by a verb, que is followed by any other part of speech." While that’s often true, it falls apart when inversion comes into play.*** It’s not a person, the relative pronoun is lequel.Īs a relative pronoun, que is a direct object (person or thing), and qui is either a subject (person or thing) or the object of a preposition (person only).
After any other preposition, qui can be the relative pronoun only when the indirect object is a person. After the preposition de, the relative pronoun is dont. Or, J’ai mangé chez un ami qui est chef de cuisine. The friend whose house I ate at is a chef. L’ami chez qui j’ai mangé est chef de cuisine. The colleague I had a drink with was fired the next day.Īlternatively, the “ qui as subject” version: J’ai pris un pot avec un collègue qui a été viré le lendemain. Le collègue avec qui j’ai pris un pot a été viré le lendemain. It’s just a matter of figuring out what you’re replacing with the relative pronoun. Note that you can also say Je pense à ma sœur qui vient de déménager en France, where qui is the subject of the subordinate clause. My sister I’m thinking about just moved to France. Ma sœur à qui je pense vient de déménager en France. Qui has another function as a relative pronoun: it replaces the indirect object after a preposition. The subject of the second sentence is le livre, so when combining the two sentences into one, it becomes qui. Remember that qui doesn’t always mean "who" when it’s a relative pronoun. Je connais le médecin qui fait des visites à domicile. Le médecin fait des visites à domicile, et je le connais. Here’s another look at the very first example with que: you can word it another way to replace the subject rather than the object: Using two short, related sentences like this is stilted, so we combine them into one: J’ai un fils qui joue au tennis. Qui, on the other hand, replaces the subject of the subordinate clause, whether it’s a person or a thing. In summary, que serves as a direct object in order to connect two clauses and avoid repetition. One of the things I really like is the theater. Une des choses que j’aime bien, c’est le théâtre. The theater is one of the things I really like. Le théâtre est une des choses que j’aime bien. He’s going to buy the house (that) I saw. I saw the house (that) he’s going to buy. It sounds silly to say maison twice, right? Since it’s a direct object in both sentences, we can join them and replace the second maison with que, and there are two different ways to do this: J’ai vu la maison qu’il va acheter. In English, the relative pronoun is often optional, but in French it is always required. The doctor (whom) I know does house calls. Le médecin que je connais fait des visites à domicile. The above sentence with two independent clauses is perfectly grammatical, but there’s another way to say it: combine them into a main and relative clause. Que replaces the direct object in a relative clause, whether it’s a person or a thing. When used as relative pronouns, qui doesn’t necessarily mean "who" and que doesn’t always mean "that" depending on the context, either one can mean either one.* Que = direct object
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